LEG CRAMPS, NOCTURNAL

 

 

• Diabetic neuropathy.

• Medications.

• Electrolyte abnormalities  (hypokalemia,  hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, hypophosphatemia).

• Respiratory alkalosis.

• Uremia.

• Hemodialysis.

• Peripheral nerve injury.

• ALS.

• Alcohol use.

• Heat cramps.

• Vitamin B12 deficiency.

• Hyperthyroidism.

• Contractures.

• DVT.

• Hypoglycemia.

• Peripheral vascular insufficiency.